![]() In aircraft windshields, an electric current is applied through a conducting layer of tin(IV) oxide to generate heat to prevent icing. Some vehicles have noticeably more tint in the uppermost part of the windshield to block sunglare. In many places, laws restrict the use of heavily tinted glass in vehicle windshields generally, laws specify the maximum level of tint permitted. ( December 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. The same band of darkened dots is often expanded around the rearview mirror to act as a sunshade. The darkened edge transitions to the clear windshield with smaller dots to minimize thermal stress in manufacturing. The urethane sealant is protected from UV in sunlight by a band of dark dots called a frit around the edge of the windshield. Almost all nations now require windshields to stay in one piece even if broken, except if pierced by a strong force. Modern, glued-in windshields contribute to the vehicle's rigidity, but the main force for innovation has historically been the need to prevent injury from sharp glass fragments. "Triplex" glass laminating, however, had been available for windshields in France from 1911 and in Britain from 1912 it was adopted as an accessory by some high-end American auto manufacturers beginning in 1913, and from 1919 to 1929 Henry Ford ordered the use of laminated glass on all of his vehicles. These windshields, however, could shatter from a simple stone chip. ![]() The hardened glass shattered into many mostly harmless fragments when the windshield broke. They were replaced with windshields made of toughened glass and were fitted in the frame using a rubber or neoprene seal. Ford case of 1917 that decided against Pane in that he was only injured through reckless driving. The most notable example of this is the Pane vs. ![]() A series of crashes led up to the development of stronger windshields. Automobile windshield displaying "spiderweb" cracking typical of laminated safety glassĮarly windshields were made of ordinary window glass, but that could lead to serious injuries in the event of a crash. ![]()
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